plains cottonwood tree

Flowers: Catkins, male-female on separate trees. Flowers: Cottonwood is dioecious, that is male and female flowers occur on separate trees. Female catkins (pistillate) appear singly or in opposite pairs, are green and the individual small flowers are stalked. I'm waiting for leaf fall at the tree at my work so I can take cuttings and put them in the pond. The color is red to yellow and each small flower on the catkin has a saucer shape basal disk with 30 to 40 stamens. During the tough years living in wild prairie plains where trees were a rarity, Native Americans derived great benefits from the cottonwood trees that would grow in the harsh conditions nonetheless. Names: The genus Populus is the Latin name for the Poplar. Western Cottonwood Tree Identification. deltoides. He sent many plants to Europe, including many to Linnaeus who considered him the ‘greatest natural botanist is the world'. Both show the open crown. The crown is open and spreading with slightly drooping stout branches. The catkin stalks are of uniform length. They have a basal disk, a 4 chambered ovary and pistil with 2 to 4 flattened stigmata. Come join me at www.peacockorchard.com . Members of the willow family, cottonwoods are named for the cotton-like mass of hairs surrounding their seeds. Cottonwood … Members of the willow family, cottonwoods are named for the cotton-like mass of hairs surrounding their seeds. It is the big tree on the banks of the mightiest rivers of the great plains, and the on the smallest streams. Cottonwood trees are also large shade trees and their sprawling branches have a spread of up to 113 ft. (34 m). See All State Trees - National Tree. Below: Female aments starting to elongate. Smooth, grayish bark becomes deeply grooved and darker as it ages. No other tree approaches its stature on the grasslands that sweep five hundred miles from the ninety-eighth meridian to the foot of the Rockies. United States, ND. ), not the cottonwood tree.] There are reports of stands in several states further east but this range excludes the southern states and New England. Cottonwood (Poplar) The cottonwood—also known as the poplar—is a tall tree with a spreading crown, named for its cotton-like seeds. Seed: After pollination, the female catkins elongate up to 6 inches in length and the fertilized flowers produce an elliptical seed capsule, green initially, turning brown. Fall color is a brilliant yellow. Photo Nov. 10, 2017 near the Rio Grande River at Bernado NM. Return to -- Site Plan/Archive Index --or-- List of Common Plant Names -- or -- List of Scientific Names -- or --Home Page - - - Back to top. Also known as Fremont cottonwood or Rio Grande cottonwood, this tree is commonly found near water bodies of arid regions. Plains cottonwood tree leaves; photo ©J.S. No other tree approaches its stature on the grasslands that sweep five hundred miles from the ninety-eighth meridian to the foot of the Rockies. Although cottonwood trees are really attractive and add to the appeal of their surroundings, their immense size makes them unsuitable for small yards. References: Plant characteristics are generally from sources 1A, 32, W2, W3, W7 & W8 plus others as specifically applied. Cottonwoods (Populus deltoids) are massive shade trees that grow naturally throughout the United States. Provided by ND State Soil Conservation Committee. Below: 1st photo - is the typical rough and deeply furrowed bark of cottonwood trunks, - 2nd photo - frequently the trough of the furrow is lighter color. There are only four species of Populus that are native and commonly found in Minnesota: P. balsamifera, Balsam Poplar; P. deltoides, Plains Cottonwood; P. grandidentata, Bigtooth Aspen; and P. tremuloides, Quaking Aspen. Lanceleaf Cottonwood Tree; Narrowleaf Cottonwood Tree; Plains Cottonwood Tree; Great Plains Cottonwood Tree; Rio Grande Cottonwood Tree, a deciduous poplar of the willow family; Swamp Cottonwood Tree; Parry's Cottonwood Tree; Cottonwood Tree: Facts, Info on the Cottonwood Trees. The seeds are very small, 1mm wide by 4 mm long, which is quite remarkable considering that they can become one of the largest trees in North America, up to 100 ft. high with massive trunks over 5 … In the U.S. the range is from the Rocky Mountain states of Montana south to New Mexico eastward as far as Texas and Oklahoma and then up to Missouri, Illinois and Wisconsin. Text and photos are by G. D. Bebeau unless otherwise credited. These large trees can grow to between 50 and 80 ft. (15 – 24 m). Hardy to -40°F Maximum Elevation: 7,000 Feet. They have lustrous, bright green foliage in summer that changes to brilliant yellow in fall. Two others are reported: One is a native cross - P. X jackii, Jack's Cottonwood, which is usually sterile [The DNR does not track county populations of it]; and the other is the introduced P. alba, White Poplar. [Cotton for clothing comes from the true cotton plant (Gossypium sp. Seed germinates immediately. 2nd photo - in the early spring, in process of elongation. Bark: Yellowish-green and smooth on young trees but deeply furrowed in maturity. Each leaf is about 6 inches long and 4 inches wide. Below: The brilliant fall color of a Rio Grande Cottonwood, P. deltoides subsp. The largest known Plains Cottonwood tree is more than 300 years old, 36 feet around and 105 feet tall. Details Here. Read on for more cottonwood tree facts. The statute was amended in 1961 to change the scientific name to: Populus deltoides variety monilifera. Then the capsule splits and releases 7 to 10 seeds per ovary chamber; the seeds are attached to white cotton-like hair and are dispersed far and wide by the wind in early summer. Peterson / USDA NRCS PLANTS Database. wislizeni. Flowers are in 2 to 3 inch drooping catkins. Images not to scale. Cottonwood trees (Populus spp.) Male Catkins: Below 1st photo - the catkin prior to elongation. Twigs are very stout, brownish, with slight angles. Plains Cottonwood David F. Van Haverbeke Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides), one of the largest eastern hardwoods, is short-lived but the fastest-growing commercial forest species in North America. From the roots and trunks to the leaves and fruits, the locals used different parts of these trees for various purposes to satisfy different needs. Plains Cottonwood Trees (populus deltoides): the greenish-yellow bark of the young tree becomes rough and dark gray as it gets older. Uses: Cottonwood wood is light, soft and weak but has a uniform texture so it is used in plywood, paper pulp, and lumber for uses not requiring bending or compression strength. The Plains cottonwood is the great tree of the American prairies. Cottonwood trees are species of poplar trees belonging to the genus Populus. monilifera, which is called the Plains Cottonwood. A broad, irregularly rounded canopy with coarse, spreading branches. Plains Cottonwood Facts The plains cottonwood is a large, fast-growing, short-lived tree of the Great Plains and eastern border of the Rocky Mountains. Plant cottonwoods only if your house has a large expanse of outdoor land for maximum effect. The largest known specimen in Minnesota (2020) is in Chippewa County - height 106 feet, crown spread 110 feet, circumference 394 inches. plains cottonwood tree As a breeze picks up in the night air, leaves from every treetop near and far rustle together to render soft, swishing sounds. Below: A leaf comparison of the four Minnesota native species of Populus plus the introduced P. alba. (Noncommercial Use Permitted with Attribution), Source | Reference Links | Additional Resources. Leaves are triangular, 3 to 7 inches long and 3 to 5 inches wide, alternate, simple, with long pointed tips and straight to heart-shaped bases and curved (slightly hooked) coarse teeth on the margin. These trees have a widespread foliage that can extend to 5 feet in diameter. Male Catkins: Below- 1st photo - partially elongated catkin; 2nd photo - the male flowers just emerging; 3rd photo - The male flowers fully developed with the stamens on filaments from the basal disc of the flower. The plains cottonwood is a Colorado native tree but, while it grows in our area, it’s considered native to the lower elevations of the state and is typically found in elevations between 3,500 to 6,500 feet. Habitat: Plains Cottonwood in its native habitat is found in moist bottomlands. A database that provides information on more than 200 native tree and shrub species, and on almost 300 insects and 200 diseases found in Canada's forests. Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. It is the state tree for Wyoming, Kansas and Nebraska. Colorado's major tree species include bristlecone pine, Colorado blue spruce, Douglas-fir, Engelmann spruce, limber pine, lodgepole pine, narrowleaf cottonwood, quaking aspen, piñon pine, plains cottonwood, ponderosa pine, Rocky Mountain juniper, subalpine fir and white fir. Look for the following signs to confirm the existence of a western cottonwood tree. Over-wintering buds have fine hair. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenwalder – plains cottonwood This tree should not be planted near wells and underground water pipes. Branches that fall into water will grow roots and shoots that will capable of becoming another tree. Large individuals can reach over 130 ′ in height. It has leaf tips that are very short pointed, either 0 or 3 to 6 leaf stalk glands, winter buds without hair, and the catkin stalks are longer and not of uniform length. Wyoming designated the plains cottonwood as official state tree in 1947. The crown is open and spreading with slightly drooping stout branches. Identification booklet for most of the flowering forbs and small flowering shrubs of the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden. The leaf tapers to a long pointed tip. The diverse poplar family includes the quaking aspen, which boasts the widest range of any North American tree, and the Plains cottonwood, which was the only tree many early settlers met as they forged westward through America's prairies. Rich green, wide, triangular- shaped leaves turn yellow in … Mature trees in the state are usually 60 ′ to 80 ′ tall and up to 36 ″ in diameter at breast height. USDA NRCS ND State Soil Conservation Committee; NDSU Extension and Western Area Power Administration, Bismarck. The tree in the 2nd & 3rd photos, has a single trunk. Comparisons: There are three subspecies of this tree that somewhat overlap geographically. The bark is smooth when young, light gray to yellow-green, turning gray with age becoming very thick, rough, and deeply furrowed. It has 0 leaf glands and winter buds with hair. Other sources by specific reference. The subspecies monilifera is found in North America in the Great Plains region and somewhat eastward, but not into the southern states where the dominant subspecies is subsp. It is fast growing, in fact the fastest growing tree in North America, growing 6 ′ to 12 ′ per year under favorable conditions. North Dakota tree handbook. This is why the common name of Plains Cottonwood is preferred. As with most trees, all leaves will be slightly variable in shape and size on the same tree. The Plains Cottonwood is a large native deciduous tree forming a tall trunk, up to 100 feet high and diameters often larger than 4 feet. deltoides, that is called Eastern Cottonwood, but is not native to Minnesota. It is the state tree of Wyoming. The subspecies classification is as follows: Members of the willow family, cottonwoods are named for the cottonlike mass of hairs surrounding their seeds. Minnesota's champion tree cottonwood measures a whopping 10-ft diameter at breast height. The fruits split open when ripe and cotton-like material comes out carrying the seeds. Below: 1st photo - The fertile female catkins develop a number of green 4-chambered seed capsules, each of which can have 28 to 40 seeds. They are related to poplars and aspens. The author names for the plant classification are as follows: First to publish was ‘Bartram’ which refers to John Bartram (1699-1777) early American botanist and explorer who traveled extensively in the colonies collecting plants. Photo of cottonwood seeds by Steve Hurst / USDA/NRCS Plants Database. 2nd photo - The female seed capsules splitting to release seeds to the wind. Catkins are also called 'aments'. They are shiny green on top, pale green under, and have a long slender, flattened stalk which has 2 round glands on the top side. Some species of cottonwood trees have been known to reach heights of 100 ft. (30 m) or more. wislizeni or Rio Grande Cottonwood, is native to 7 states of the southern Rocky Mountains. The area that had been accidentally dug up by the excavator had really nicely established cottonwood and aspen on it. The plains cottonwood is a large, fast-growing, short-lived tree of the Great Plains and eastern border of the Rocky Mountains. The plains cottonwood is a large, fast-growing, short-lived tree of the Great Plains and eastern border of the Rocky Mountains. From left to right: plains cottonwood, narrowleaf cottonwood, and lanceleaf cottonwood leaves on branches About All Cottonwood Trees Cottonwood trees are a common street tree and are the largest native broadleaf trees in Colorado. Usage Requirements. These trees have been very important to the native people living in North America… According to the county sign installed in the visitors’ viewing area, the plains cottonwood typically is a quick growing, short-lived tree with a life expectancy of about 90 years. All State Trees. Trees need to be about 10 to 15 years of age to produce seed. Diameter at breast height plains cottonwood tree he became “The King’s Botanist” for North America ft. ( 15 – m!, brownish, with slight angles and green-brown resinous scales the great tree of the tree... Comparisons: There are three subspecies of this tree is the western subspecies of willow! Its cotton-like seeds is also the largest broadleaf tree of the young tree rough. Coarse-Toothed leaves the great Plains and Eastern border of the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden to heights! ; Edness K. Wilkins state Park, Wyoming Bernado NM Use Permitted Attribution! Them unsuitable for small yards Eastern border of the willow family, cottonwoods named... 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