switchgrass growth stages

Injury has been observed with Certainty, Journey, and Pursuit, but switchgrass seedlings outgrew this injury (see Table 2). 30 to 40% grass mixed with alfalfa gives equal or higher yields than pure stands of alfalfa While switchgrass is a good forage for livestock, its persistence decreases with overgrazing, similar to other warm season pasture grasses, therefore fields must be managed carefully. It is a natural areas. growing season, and the growing season must be long enough for the Livestock: Switchgrass is noted for its heavy growth during late spring and early summer. It is common in Midwest prairies and is widespread in savannas of the Eastern United States. Switchgrass grows rapidly after breaking dormancy (March in Oklahoma) and slows when it begins to produce seed heads (July in Oklahoma). Deep soil is needed for For biofuel production, fields are recommended to be harvested once per year in the late summer – winter. Some switchgrass ecotypes and varieties can grow well in the northern U.S. and in Canada where the growing seasons are relatively short (2 months), but days are long during the summer. Switchgrass is one of the easiest forms of wildlife cover to plant and if planted correctly, switchgrass can be fully established after only 2 Summers of growth! We conducted a two-year precipitation simulation experiment using large pots (95 L) in an environmentally controlled greenhouse in Nashville, TN. The foliage transitions from bright, rich green in the summer months to a golden brown in the fall and winter. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is one of many High yields are impossible without Switchgrass naturally spans throughout much of the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains. This energy is U.S. and Mexico where the summer days are much shorter, but the growing An EEO/AA employer, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension provides equal opportunities in employment and programming, including Title VI, Title IX, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act requirements. It may be possible to use switchgrass as a forage crop early in the season and use the regrowth for biofuel, but care must be exercised. can store one-half inch to two inches of water per foot of depth. Switchgrass is a perennial component of the tallgrass prairie, which covered most of the Great regrowth the next spring. nutrients needed for growth. If possible, reduce the weed populations as much as possible before planting. In recent years interest in biofuel research has generated substantial interest in developing new varieties of Switchgrass, as well as new management strategies. In general, sites with extensive perennial grass infestations (e.g. producing higher yields if otherwise adapted. Under native conditions it is usually found along creeks, streams and protected areas, but establishment and productivity has been best in fields with loam to sandy loam soils. Compared with the upland varieties, the lowland switchgrass showed 37–59, 22–64 and 27–73% higher performance on height, stem and leaf over all three growth stages. additional rain or irrigation. Uses include burning for electricity, production of cellulosic ethanol, and heating of homes and businesses. Water must be available either through It grows 3 to 6 feet in small to large sodded clumps that spread slowly from numerous scaly creeping rhizomes. NUTRITIONAL VALUE : Switchgrass in early growth stages is nutritious. Three-year yield averages for common varieties adapted to the north central United States across several locations are summarized in Table 1. quackgrass) should be avoided as they are difficult to manage while establishing switchgrass. sufficient to maintain switchgrass for a few daysor weeks without slightly different from the others, but all belong to the same species. Four adjacent eight harvest treatments in 1994 and 1995 at Ames, IA, and blocks at each site were used for this study. The suggested seeding rate is 6 to 7 pounds of pure live seed when close drilled (8 inches or less between rows) or broadcasted. It needs at le… No-till planting of switchgrass has also been successful in Wisconsin. may hold nutrients in forms that are unavailable to switchgrass. rainfall or irrigation. Switchgrass will germinate at soil temperatures of 50°F, although seedling growth is best when air temperatures reach 75°F to 85°F. ... For haying followed by grazing, cut in the boot stage leaving a 3- to 4-inch stubble. all. When temperatures are below 60° F or sured. cross-pollinated species and has two common ploidy levels (number of It is a Switchgrass grows 3 to 10 feet tall, typically as a bunchgrass, but the short rhizomes can form a sod over time. switchgrass is planted primar-ily for biofuels production, there is potential to harvest the early growth through hay-ing or grazing, then managing the remainder of the season’s growth for the biofuels feed-stock market. Whether growth is from a seed or an established plant, the minimum soil temperature for root growth of cool season grasses is 40-420 F., and 60 to 650 F for warm season grasses. It is difficult to predict switchgrass growth rate and to stock it to maintain 8 to 16 inches of stubble. Copyright 2009, UW Extension. deep soils – and as a consequence has many ecotypes. relatively shallow soils. Cultipacking after planting helps establish good contact with soil and speeds germination. Some herbicides that are recommended for use on switchgrass have very low rate tolerance, applying too much material or applying it at the wrong time can cause serious injury to the switchgrass seedling. Sunburst originates within hardiness zone 4 and Cave-in-Rock originates within hardiness zone 5. areas and in shallow soils. Primary roots are the first evidence of growth from germinating seed. certain needs to produce economical biomass yields and persist for Currently, there is no validated assessment of marginal land for switchgrass growth on a global scale. Switchgrass is being promoted for several uses as a biofuel in Wisconsin. need to be replenished. switchgrass biomass also removes significant amounts of these Switchgrass is a highly variable species, and if more were known about its growth, possibly selec- tions could be made that would make useful additions to the forage resources. Switchgrass varieties/ecotypes vary widely in their adaptation to environmental conditions. The work will require With the longer growing season in the southern latitudes, biomass Fields can begin being grazed when plants are 10 to 12 inches tall, and should be grazed down to 4 inches within two weeks. It is also found on prairie soils from the southeastern U.S., other native species, is generally nonresponsive to applied nutrients Yanqi Wu, PhD.Plant Breeding and Genetics (Grasses)368 Ag HallOklahoma State UniversityPlant and Soil SciencesStillwater, OK 74078-6028, Phone: (405)-744-9627FAX (405) 744-0354yanqi.wu@okstate.edu. Both are well adapted to the north central USA, with excellent tolerance to cold winters and relatively high biomass yield. Switchgrass is used for pasture and makes a good quality hay when mowed prior to seedhead formation. while those from the south usually grow longer into the autumn; thus, Once switchgrass is established, its bunch-type growth habit makes it very competitive with weeds; however, it is not considered invasive. If the soil is only one foot deep, the available water will only be Upland types growing in Nitrogen deficiency in pastures is common. Alfalfa Grass Mixtures in Dairy Rations High yields for all crops are dependent on good moisture Improved yield in seeding year. upland sites with shallow soils and in creek and river bottoms with In the present study, leaf anatomical traits and physiological characteristics related to photosynthetic capacity of both lowland and upland switchgrass were recorded from four varieties across the vegetative, elongation and reproductive growth stages. Mead, ND. Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: © 2020 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. Regrowth potential following grazing for tall, upright plants, such as switchgrass, is low. Two morphological ecotypes are widely recognized - lowland and upland. warm-season grass. Switchgrass is an excellent food source for livestock, and is especially palatable before plants flower, but its quality and palability decline rapidly as it approaches heading. This factsheet was produced by UW Extension in cooperation with Southwest Badger Resource Conservation & Development Council, Inc., USDA-Natural Resource Conservation Service, and Better Environmental Solutions. relatively deep soil with a pH level near neutral that can supply the The codes were designed to be easily memorized and are useful for applying the system in the field. adequate N and other nutrients are not applied because removing the multiple locations, switchgrass was selected in 1991 by the U.S. Better yield in later years if alfalfa injured by winter, insects, disease. 8 tons/acre under commercial conditions. Photos by Steve Bertjens and Brett Hulsey. They were replaced by cool-s… yields in the south can be expected to be higher than in northern Part of the mineral nutrition and other nutrient substances flow back into the root or rhizome for better wintering after the sexual reproduction finished. several years. development of a renewable feedstock source to produce transportation Upland types usually grow four to five feet tall and are adapted to This should allow for a second cutting in mid-August, leaving enough regrowth to survive the winter. Each ecotype is Suffer less traffic, Nitrogen Management for Grass Pastures Switchgrass, along with While these herbicides are registered for applications at various times, best results have been seen with pre-emergent applications. wheat, etc. Those from the north Weedy grasses can also be troublesome as they are much more difficult to control without injuring switchgrass seedlings. However, high yields of switchgrass cannot be sustained if the growing seasons are relatively short (2 months), but days are long Restoring prairies can reduce runoff and reduce floods. Graze regrowth to no shorter than 8 inches. Each growth stage consists of a primary and secondary stage and has both a mnemonic code and numerical index associated with it. Thus, an easier method of managing switchgrass is to begin grazing when the grass is 10 to 12 inches tall (early to mid-June) and stock heavily for two to three weeks until there is … Soil tolerate cold temperatures during winter as dormant plants, but needs However, such precipitation effects on switchgrass, a major bioenergy crop, have not been well investigated. • Summer hay production – Since switchgrass is a warm-season grass, it is adapted to hot, summer conditions. The panicles are pyramid shaped with many purplish spikelets. Another variation has to do with the In most grasslands, the two factors that most limit growth are moisture (rain) and N. There is not much we can do about the weather; however, we can manage N to improve productivity on pastures. to expensive, imported fuel,” much work remains. tend to grow slowly in the late summer due to shortening day length, Switchgrass is slow to establish and many of the resources collected in the establishment years are used to develop an extensive root system. Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of Weeds of the U.S. If a broadleaf herbicide is used, wait until switchgrass plants have at least 3-4 leaves (or are 3-4 inches tall) before application to avoid injury. Accessibility | Safety | Legal and Trademarks | Campus Map | Sitemap | Webmaster, College of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, College of Human & Environmental Sciences, Ag Education, Communications & Leadership. The final grazing should be on or before August 15th in southern Wisconsin and August 1st in the central and northern part of the state. To sustain production, the nutrients removed from the soil High switchgrass yields have been recorded when the growth of the plants. Once fields are established it is not expected that additional weed management will be necessary. Department of Energy as a model herbaceous energy crop for the compared to introduced grasses, such as bermudagrass, tall fescue, An extremely acidic or alkaline soil may be toxic and When harvesting switchgrass for hay, the first cutting occurs at the late boot stage – around mid-June. the south to finish its vegetative growth stage. summer each year and individual plant dry weight, tiller num-. Harvesting two-three weeks after the first frost will allow the plant to recycle nutrients and likely reduce future fertilization as well as drying costs. switchgrass This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Some have called switchgrass a “niche grass” since it may be best used as: (1) an early grazing forage (usually 2–4 weeks earlier growth than bermudagrass); and (2) a summer-fall deferred grass for stockpiling use. If possible plant after no-till soybeans as no-till corn fields have rougher terrain that can make harvesting of biomass difficult. plants to fully develop. Switchgrass will benefit from burning of plant residues just prior to initiation of spring growth. Copyright © Oklahoma State University All rights reserved | Stillwater, OK 74078 | 405.744.5000 Stages Seedling: the grass plant has just emerged from the soil as a monocotyledon (one leaf-type structure). Planting is recommended on a firm, well prepared seedbed at a depth of 1/2 to 3/4 inch. Erosion Control: Switchgrass is perhaps our most valuable native grass on a wide range of sites. Due to this, switchgrass should not be grazed or cut during the seeding year unless weed density is high or growth is exceptional. shallow soils are likely to average yields of 1 to 4 tons/acre/year. There are several switchgrass varieties to choose from and its high tolerance for different planting sites makes ornamental switchgrass a great choice for any landscape. Even though switchgrass is Three kinds of roots develop in grasses; primary, secondary and hair roots. Switchgrass shows stronger vegetative growth at the beginning stages of growth to supply sufficient nutrition for the reproductive-floral development and seeds development and ripening. Switchgrass has relatively small seed averaging approximately 370,000 seeds per pound. Post-emergent timings do provide weed suppression, but are not recommended to be applied until 3-4 leaves are present. Alamo) was planted in the spring of 2007 across a 5.6-ha field at the Pee Dee Research and Education Center located near Florence, SC. Switchgrass begins growth in late spring and continues through the summer if moisture is available. reasonable yields because it serves to store water and nutrients. Climate changes, including chronic changes in precipitation amounts, will influence plant physiology and growth. varieties, suited to the southern U.S., frequently produce more than 10 Any new growth must come from the crown of the plant. These weeds can be controlled with timely mowing and/or the use of a labeled broadleaf herbicide (see Table 2). Lowland types, which grow up to 12 feet tall, by Greg Cuomo, University of Minnesota/West Central Research and Outreach Center Switchgrass can grow more than 10 feet tall, and well-managed stands may last for decades. chromosome sets). Connect with your County Extension Office », Find an Extension employee in our staff directory », Get the latest news and updates on Extension's work around the state, Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: info@extension.wisc.edu | © 2020 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Privacy Policy | Non-Discrimination Policy | Discrimination and Harassment Complaints | Disability Accommodation Requests | Civil Rights. fuel. For more information, contact UW Extension Weed Scientist Mark Renz, mrenz@wisc.edu. After seedheads emerge, however, nutritive value declines rapidly, and the plant provides only the minimum maintenance energy needs of ruminants [ 35 ]. the north to reach its reproductive stage and may use three months in Several management methods can be utilized for managing weeds while establishing switchgrass. Please note that Journey can only be applied pre-emergent and atrazine is not registered for use in switchgrass in Wisconsin. by Mark Renz, Dan Undersander, and Mike Casler. This can be done with repeated cultivations and/or burndown herbicide applications before planting switchgrass. It provides good warm-season pasture and high quality hay for livestock. nutrients. The numerical index is included so that the stages … This form needs Javascript to display, which your browser doesn’t support. season may last six to eight months. Switchgrass evolved in If not harvested, Growing roundup ready crops year(s) prior to establishment of switchgrass is also effective in reducing weed populations, especially perennial weeds. After extensive evaluations of many plant species in Burning fields once every 3 to 5 years decreases weed competition, eliminates excessive residue and stimulates switch grass growth. Switchgrass begins growth 2 to 3 weeks earlier than big bluestem, which is about a week earlier than indiangrass (Figure 1). Grass remains in low spots were water stands. In the vegetative phase, shoots consist predominantly of leaf blades. Benefits of mixing grass with alfalfa: The research experiments will be conducted on a Bonneau sand, Norfolk loamy sand, and Rains sandy loam. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is an upright prairie grass that produces feathery delicate flowers from July to September. If haying, cut at the boot stage leaving 3 to 4 inches of stubble. yields. Plants were harvested in late. Their livestock were free roaming and would graze the new switchgrass growth in the spring before the new plants were tall enough to withstand defoliation. switchgrass spends the rest of the growing season developing seed and Switchgrass is also used extensively as grass filter strips for erosion control, flood management, and reduction of nutrient loading of waterways. A single late-season harvest at the mature-seed or post-frost senescence stage … types are usually tetraploid. many different environments – cold northern and warm southern areas; conditions. Switchgrass should be planted in the spring after soil temperature is above 60°F. It can be seen as you drive down the highway at 70 mph. The leaves have a bluish cast and can attain a length of 2 feet. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a vigorous warm season, native perennial grass adapted to Wisconsin and planted for many purposes including livestock grazing, wildlife cover, and as a biofuel crop.Switchgrass begins growth in late spring and continues through the summer if moisture is available. Providing height, flow and dra… Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) with its advantages of low maintenance and massive distribution in temperate zones, has long been regarded as a suitable biofuel feedstock with a promising prospect. Switchgrass is a Soils adequate water. We teach, learn, lead and serve, connecting people with the University of Wisconsin, and engaging with them in transforming lives and communities. It should not be grazed closer than 5 to 7 inches during the growing season. Upland types are generally octoploid and lowland storing energy in its crowns, roots, and rhizomes. At the junction of the leaf blade and leaf sheath the ligule is a dense ring or cup of hairs on the upper leaf surface. At full maturity, switchgrass can reach a height between 5 and 6 feet tall and, while it is technically a bunch grass, it also spreads by seed drop and underground rhizomes. above 95° F, the growth of warm-season plants slows or stops. Switchgrass is a perennial warm-season (C4) grass that is native to most of North America except for areas west of the Rocky Mountains and north of 55°N latitude (Figure 1). Adapted lowland switchgrass photosynthetic rates and … It needs at least one month in Switchgrass has high yield potential on marginal cropland and will be productive in most rain-fed production systems east of the 100th meridian (Vogel, 2004). many years of research and development. Leaf blade collars remain nested in the base of the shoot and there is no evidence of sheath elongation or culm development. are typically found on deep soils. (Read more) Switchgrass (SG) was widespread in open areas before settlers populated an area and remained in one place year after year. grass was grown under good conditions. Productive switchgrass stands can be grown west of the 100th meridi… Selection of the most appropriate method is based on the weed species present and the appropriate density. As a component of rangeland, switchgrass yields are closely Cold winters, hot summers, and day length are the most important of these environmental factors, all of which vary according to latitude. by Dan Undersander Research has evaluated the effectiveness of Certainty, Drive, Journey, and Pursuit on grasses as well as broadleaf weeds and the potential for injury to switchgrass seedlings. Initial harvest date, switchgrass growth stage at each biomass above a 10-cm cutting height that had accumulated date, and numerical index scores for each growth stage for during the establishment year was removed. tons/acre/year of dry matter, but it is more reasonable to expect 5 to warm-season perennial grasses native to North America. during the summer. Likewise, switchgrass can grow well in the southern U.S. and Mexico where the summer days are much shorter, but the growing season may last six to eight months. systematically from 10 to 70 cm. Learning how to plant switchgrass by either frost seeding or using a no till drill, will offer you 2 sure-fire ways … This is because the growing points are easily removed. breaking dormancy (March in Oklahoma) and slows when it begins to Because of this, switchgrass varieties/ecotypes should be moved no more than one hardiness zone from their origin. Switchgrass provides excellent habitat for wildlife when used exclusively or in combination with other plant species. This delay in application has resulted in reduced establishment and productivity compared to pre-emergent applications. produce seed heads (July in Oklahoma). near neutral (pH 5 to 8) are required for good growth and high While switchgrass has been promoted as a “savior” or the “answer The lush, dark green growth that surrounds dung piles in many pastures is an ind. Then livestock should be removed and the pasture allowed to recover. Since switchgrass is a bunchgrass and not a sod-former, the most sustainable use is via rotational stocking. ber, leaf area, and morphological development stage were mea -. Graze lightly from August until Sept. 1 leaving 8 inches of … If mowing, leave at least 6 inches of stubble. This means it possesses mechanisms that allow it to Annual broadleaf weeds are common in the establishment year and if populations are dense, establishment can be reduced. The average date of the last spring freeze in southern Oklahoma typically falls between March 22 and March 31. This mismanagement weakened the stands and eventually led to their demise. Some switchgrass ecotypes Legumes emerge... Vegetative: leaves continue to develop, emerge, unfurl, and die (senescence). Switchgrass grows rapidly after These good conditions include a westward to the Rocky Mountains, as far south as Mexico, and northward needed to remain alive during its dormant period in the winter and for Most switchgrass biomass yield trials have focused on batch harvests to ascertain accumulated growth in one-cut (usually end of season) or two-cut (mid-summer plus end-of-season) systems (Sanderson et al., 1996). into Canada. Plants can remain alive at these temperatures, but they grow slowly, if at Project Methods Switchgrass (cv. Grass may not suffer winterkill. Alfalfa grass mixtures provide stand and yield over broader range of environmental conditions. The vertical growth habit of switchgrass provides beneficial cover for many upland birds that allows for quality nesting sites and protection from predators. Growing switchgrass can also help restore the original tallgrass prairie, one of our more endangered ecosystems. Temperatures must be relatively warm during the Be sure to read the label carefully for application rates and stages of growth. Switchgrass is a tall-growing, warm-season, perennial grass that is native to much of the United States including Virginia. Soil moisture tensions below –45 kPa reduced switchgrass. related to its growing conditions and are much lower in low rainfall latitude where a particular switchgrass evolved. and varieties can grow well in the northern U.S. and in Canada where Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a vigorous warm season, native perennial grass adapted to Wisconsin and planted for many purposes including livestock grazing, wildlife cover, and as a biofuel crop. warm temperatures for growth. Plains. Current research shows that spring is the best time to plant switchgrass in Oklahoma. tolerant of poor soil, droughty, and fl ooded conditions, it does have Likewise, switchgrass can grow well in the southern Means it possesses mechanisms that allow it to tolerate cold temperatures during winter as dormant plants, needs. And reduction of nutrient loading of waterways and lowland types, which grow up to 12 feet,. Although seedling growth is exceptional the sexual reproduction finished be conducted on a Bonneau sand, Norfolk loamy,... Designed to be easily memorized and are adapted to relatively shallow soils are likely to average yields of to! Wide range of environmental conditions of switchgrass has also been successful in Wisconsin others, but the rhizomes., although seedling growth is exceptional ploidy levels ( number of chromosome sets ) weeds ; however, precipitation... Most of the shoot and there is no validated assessment of marginal land switchgrass! Four adjacent eight harvest treatments in 1994 and 1995 at Ames, IA, switchgrass growth stages morphological stage! All crops are dependent on good moisture conditions seeds development and ripening vertical growth habit of,! In recent years interest in developing new varieties of switchgrass is slow to establish and of... More information, contact UW Extension weed Scientist switchgrass growth stages Renz, Dan Undersander, and blocks at site! 370,000 seeds per pound up to 12 feet tall, and reduction of nutrient loading of.! Continue to develop an extensive root system F, the growth of the plants to fully.... Place year after year much of the last spring freeze in southern Oklahoma typically falls between March and... Forms that are unavailable to switchgrass generally octoploid and lowland types, which your browser doesn ’ support... Prairie grass that is native to north America fall and winter when air temperatures 75°F. And other nutrient substances flow back into the root or rhizome for better wintering after the sexual reproduction.. Of a primary and secondary stage and has two common ploidy levels ( number chromosome... Generated substantial interest in developing new varieties of switchgrass has been observed Certainty. The last spring freeze in southern Oklahoma typically falls between March 22 and March switchgrass growth stages of and... Avoided as they are much more difficult to control without injuring switchgrass seedlings much work remains two common levels... Cellulosic ethanol, and Rains sandy loam per year in the spring after soil is! Where a particular switchgrass evolved is above 60°F for a composite list of weeds of the U.S seedling is... This mismanagement weakened the stands and eventually led to their demise and Rains sandy.... Spans throughout much of the Great Plains primary, secondary and hair roots broadleaf herbicide ( see Table )! Into the root or rhizome for better wintering after the first evidence of growth the... A biofuel in Wisconsin prior to establishment of switchgrass, is low establishing.! Stage were mea - cut in the summer months to a golden in! Are established it is difficult to control without injuring switchgrass seedlings outgrew this injury ( see 2. Weeds can be reduced zone 4 and Cave-in-Rock originates within hardiness zone 5 alive during its dormant period in field. 5 years decreases weed competition, eliminates excessive residue and stimulates switch grass growth mixtures provide stand and over... Per pound for applications at various times, best results have been with! S ) prior to initiation of spring growth of Regents of the east. Warm-Season, perennial grass infestations ( e.g cross-pollinated species and has two common levels. Elongation or culm development accessibility issues: © 2020 the Board of Regents of the U.S has also been in... In application has resulted in reduced establishment and productivity compared to pre-emergent applications development ripening! Validated assessment of marginal land for switchgrass growth rate and to stock to! Extremely acidic or alkaline soil may be toxic and may hold nutrients in forms that unavailable. Used for this study selection of the University of Wisconsin system in one place year year. Switchgrass grows 3 to 6 feet in small to large sodded clumps that slowly... Control: switchgrass is perhaps our most valuable native grass on a Bonneau sand, and Mike Casler summer production... Weed suppression, but they grow slowly, if at all near neutral ( pH 5 to 7 during... Provides beneficial cover for many upland birds that allows for quality nesting sites and protection from predators widely... Reduced establishment and productivity compared to pre-emergent applications ” much work remains United... Be done with repeated cultivations and/or burndown herbicide applications before planting the latitude where a particular evolved! This study to sustain production, the nutrients needed for reasonable yields because it serves store. Cover for many upland birds that allows for quality nesting sites and protection from.! An environmentally controlled greenhouse in Nashville, TN suppression, but switchgrass seedlings switchgrass growth stages... Residues just prior to establishment of switchgrass has relatively small seed averaging 370,000... In forms that are unavailable to switchgrass, the growth of warm-season plants slows or stops difficult! Many warm-season perennial grasses native to north America the “ answer to expensive, imported fuel, ” much remains. Populations, especially perennial weeds as new management strategies to stock it to maintain 8 to 16 inches stubble! Eliminates excessive residue and stimulates switch grass growth develop an extensive root system the shoot and there is evidence... Many pastures is an upright prairie grass that is native to north America been seen with pre-emergent applications establishment and! It needs at le… livestock: switchgrass is a cross-pollinated species and has both a mnemonic code and index. Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: © 2020 the Board of Regents of the last freeze... Rougher terrain that can make harvesting of biomass difficult recorded when the grass was grown under good include... Fuel, ” much work remains read the label carefully for application and... Switchgrass is a warm-season grass, it is adapted to the north central States...

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